Written by Engin Erkiner
Türkçe English Deutsch Italiano Français Ελληνικά Kurdî Español Exile is a special case of migration, it is forced migration. It is forced to leave the area in which he lives. Exile can be experienced within the country as well as abroad.
The widespread practice of internal exile in the history of the Republic of Turkey has led to the misconception that exile can only occur within the country.
Many years ago. Those who were sentenced to prison for the communist propaganda article of the Turkish Penal Code had to live in a corner of the country for a certain period of time after completing their sentences. Prison sentence was followed by exile within the country.
Officials and especially teachers, who were not pleased with the government, were exiled to another place away from where they had been working for years.
There was a time when people went into exile abroad .
The author of the National Anthem, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, had to live in Egypt for years because he could not get along with Atatürk. Speaker Halide Edip Adıvar had lived in France for years for the same reason.
The government did not issue a decision of exile for them, but they understood that if they stayed in the country, they would at least go to jail and left.
September 6-7. In 1955, many Greeks' houses, churches and schools were destroyed, their properties were confiscated and they were asked to leave the country in a short time. This is also a mass exile.
Although there were some who had to leave the country after the coup d'etat of March 12, 1971, it can be said that the massive exile began after September 12, 1980. It is estimated that around 30 thousand people, most of whom came to Germany, had to leave the country in a few years.
The subject of this and the following articles on exile is about exiles from Turkey in European countries. While comparisons will be made with exiles in other countries when appropriate, the characteristics of these exiles will be emphasized.
The exile of Turkish people has features that are not found in the history of other countries.
Another mistake about exile in foreign countries understanding is to equate exile with political refugee. Exiles apply for political asylum in the countries they have to go to, but this is not always the case.
With the Decree-Law (KHK), many faculty members were dismissed, and lawsuits were brought against some of them demanding heavy prison sentences. These people often went out of the country illegally and did not usually apply for asylum in Germany, where they came from in large numbers. It was no longer necessary because universities gave these people scholarships and allowed them to reside in the country.
These people are exiles, but they did not become political refugees.
Exiles often pass through the status of political refugees. After receiving political asylum, they live in that country for years, and then some of them become citizens of that country.
Political refugee status is a status. If they become citizens, this status will disappear, but they still cannot go to the country they came from. These people were political refugees for many years, they are no longer, but they cannot go to their (previous) country.
These are the part of the exiles who are no longer political refugees.
This situation only occurs during prolonged exile. In exiles that last less than ten years, for example the Greeks, most of the exiles return with the end of the dictatorship in the country.
In exiles lasting more than 20-30 years, some of the exiles become citizens of the country they live in.
Although it seems like a short time has passed, it has been 42 years since the September 12, 1980 coup or the first mass political exile in the history of the country.
Others will follow this great exile after a while.
The deportation of Turkish people to European countries can be called "endless exile" or "exile in waves."
