MIGRATION AND FINANCE OF COUNTRIES Engin Erkiner
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MIGRATION AND FINANCE OF COUNTRIES Engin Erkiner Migration is a phenomenon that has existed throughout the world and throughout human history and its characteristics are constantly changing. A new feature of immigration that has emerged in the last 50 years is that some countries finance their countries with the foreign currency they send. Before September 12, 1980, there was a great foreign exchange problem in Turkey. The import substitution model of industrialization (also called the assembly industry) was clogged. Since Turkey could not export enough, it could not earn foreign currency and therefore could not import the parts of the products it would assemble within the country. In the early 1980s, the foreign exchange sent by the workers in Germany to the country was approximately equal to the foreign exchange earned by the country as a result of exports. Most of the workers in Germany were planning to return and were investing in the country (buying a house, opening a market). The leftist organizations from Turkey, which were strong in Germany in those years, did not launch a "don't send foreign currency" campaign because they did not understand how important the foreign exchange sent by the workers was. It is not known how much they could reduce the sending of foreign currency if they were hungry, but they would definitely be effective. Small-scale civil wars are taking place in many countries, especially in Africa. Most of them are not even news, we hear about it by chance. These are wars with light weapons. The cost of war is low. Some of the working people who went to Europe or the USA from that country finance these wars with the foreign currency they send. It is known that tribal structure is important especially in African countries. Migrants who have gone to a country where they can earn money send some of their money to their supporters and support their war. The amount may not be high, but small arms wars are not expensive either. During the Yugoslavian civil war, significant economic contributions were made to the UCK in Kosovo, especially from immigrants in Sweden. Albanians have two countries: Albania and the newly formed Kosovo. More than the Albanian population in these two countries live in different countries. Strong family ties prevent them from leaving their country and make the economic contribution permanent. India, Pakistan and the Philippines are among the countries where external migration has made a significant contribution to the country's economy. The money earned in the Gulf countries, where workers have no rights, contributes to the economy of these countries through families. The Philippines can be referred to as the country where immigration is institutionalized. Filipinos, who are especially sought after in domestic services, receive special training for this. There is an important agency within the government that provides Filipinos with reliable jobs in other countries. Cuba is the most interesting example in this regard. About one million Cubans live in the United States. These people are not socialists, they are also against socialism. This does not prevent them from sending dollars to their relatives in Cuba. The Cuban administration does not charge taxes from these remittances, and if they did, the number of remittances would be reduced. Some US presidents banned remittances to Cuba, but this was not the solution. The money order is first sent to an acquaintance in another country, and from there it goes to Cuba. Investigations on immigration must be universal and historical. There are different immigrations and historical change is taking place. It was unthinkable that some immigrants would finance minor wars in their country. For this, the stage called globalization had to be reached. Sending money to an African country in previous years could take months, for nearly 20 years it has taken a few days. As a generalization, it can be said that the functions of immigrants for the country they came from have increased and the development is in the direction of further increase.
