Bayram Kaya Wrote History of Migration Forms the Blind Spot of Historical Studies.
Türkçe English Deutsch Italiano Français Ελληνικά Kurdî Español The History of Migration Forms the Blind Spot of Historical Studies. We started our article by saying that the History of Humanity is the History of Migration. In history, we have given examples of the great destructive migrant influxes that turned into looting and plunder as a result of climate change, famines and disasters. Today's migration movements, on the other hand, went down in history as labor migration, but they took on a political character. Since the end of the Middle Ages, the development of European states and their colonization of the rest of the world has accelerated many different forms of international migration. In Western Europe, migration has been a permanent pillar of social life and political economy since the 1650s, playing an important role in the processes of modernization and industrialization. The denial of the role of immigrants in nation building is essential to the creation of the myth of national homogeneity. For classical immigration countries such as the United States, this myth is absolutely impossible. America is a society of immigrants. Colonialism, which started the massacre of natives in America in 1492, tasted blood and drank human blood for centuries. Not only were Native Americans murdered and their lands and property destroyed. The tradition of making slaves instead of killing was developed. The international slave system was established. A triangular trade is mentioned in the slave system: Ships loaded with goods such as weapons and household appliances moved from port cities such as Bristol, Liverpool, Bordeaux, and Le Havre to the West African coast. There, Africans were bought from merchants and local chiefs or forcibly abducted in exchange for various merchandise. After that, ships sailed to the Caribbean islands, the coasts of North and South America, where slaves were to be sold for cash. Here, the products of the plantations were bought to be brought to Europe for sale. This is how 1.5 million slaves were transported from Africa to America under the name of the slave trade. The slave trade was the greatest oppression humanity has ever seen. Slavery is such a bad and degrading condition of man that it is diametrically opposed to human character and courage. By 1770, there were approximately 2.5 million slaves in North and South America, producing a third of the total value of European trade. Even today, it is possible to see heroic monuments of slave traders wearing uniforms and swords in American-European centers. l9. Slave labor and the production of sugar, tobacco, coffee, cotton and gold played an important role in the economic and political empowerment of England and France, the dominant colonial states of the 20th century. This also applies to Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands. Colonial countries, on the other hand, suffered great destruction, including genocide, during the colonial period and became today's emigrant countries. The victories of the West against the Indians and the Obergins have been mythologized in great heroic legends in literature and cinema. The ideology and stereotypes of racist violence targeting today's immigrants take this colonial period as a role model. This point is the blind spot of history. A great Scientific Technological Revolution emerged with the scientific revolution that emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries and the application of its knowledge to technique and technology. As a result of this revolution, traditional means of production began to be replaced by steam powered machines and factories consisting of machines. A serious industrial and industrial revolution emerged. In the steam machine; The energy from the coal turns into steam that drives the engine. Steam engines appear in the production area alongside steamships and steam trains, and new machines produce far more products than ancient production tools such as the Spinning Wheel. Transatlantic slave trade with steamships reaches great proportions. Ships full of commodities departing from England and France sail to Africa and Australia. They perform meta-exchange. This time they transport the slaves they bought from Africa to America and sell them. Slaves work on large agricultural plantations in America, and these ships also transport products such as sugar, tobacco, coffee, cotton and gold from America to Europe. This Route is literally the path of primitive, savage capital and cruelty. Countries such as Portugal, Spain and England have colonies and large territories. They set out to conquer the world. New conquests mean land and people, land and people mean more taxes and more soldiers, more taxes and soldiers mean strong state and wealth. Between 1807 and 1815, Atlantic trade was halted by the great powers. The Atlantic trade was a slave trade, and the children of slaves continued to be the property of their ancestral owners, but as a result of the struggle on earth, slavery was abolished in the British colonies in 1834 in the Dutch colonies in 1863 in the US colonies during the south north Civil War of 1865. Slavery continued for some time, although the Atlantic slave trade was halted.There were over 3 million slaves in these years. In 1865, the number of slaves was over 6 million; This time, indentured labor was replaced by slavery, workers and occasionally convicts were forcibly collected and sent to other places to work; some films show Chinese forced labor in Brazil; these are the forms of slave and colonial relations from this period. The primitive accumulation of capital formed in this blood oppression and slavery prioritized the capital that provided the industrial revolution. The peak of the industrial revolution is between 1800 and 1860. This period is also called the Second Scientific and Technical Revolution Period. In this period, there was a large immigration influx and immigration wave to the USA, 66% of which came from England and 22% from Germany. Between 1800 and 1930, 40 million Europeans emigrated overseas, such as North and South America and Australia. Individual freedom is one of the greatest moral achievements of the industrial revolution and capitalism, even though slavery lasted until the mid-19th century, unlike in ancient societies where freedom was limited through the institution of slavery. In 1873, western European capitalism evolved into a major crisis, it became a link in the imperialist chain called the world economy on behalf of individual capitalist economies and turned into a monopoly system. The era of industrialization stalled. The imperialist system was able to overcome its crisis by re-dividing the world, and the inter-imperialist economic crisis continued. In this process, totalitarian regimes emerged; racism flourished; The Holocaust and the Armenian Genocide occurred; The use of passports also emerged and became popular during this period: Of course, the good passport and bad passport incident was also seen as a product of this period. Between 1861 and 1920, 30 million people entered the United States; especially in the USA, this number increased rapidly after the Civil War; industry has developed a lot; These migrations were irregular migrations, racism that developed in the 1880s excluded the Chinese and Asians. Europeans and Latin Americans were able to enter the United States sporadically until the 1920s.
