ROMANTIC EXHIBITIONS Engin Erkiner
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ROMANTIC EXHIBITIONS Engin Erkiner E.H. Carr's book tells about the people who went into exile from Russia to European countries in the 1840s and how they lived in European countries. These names While the most well-known are Herzen, Bakunin and Ogaryov, Nechayev, who is the subject of Dostoyevsky's novel The Possessed, and who carried out the first execution in a leftist organization is also included. Herzen was from an aristocratic landed family, but Tsarist He was forced to leave the country because he could not live under his tyranny and defended the Enlightenment, which found its expression in the French revolution. Goes to Paris but disappointed lives. Paris is not the city of dreams, the revolution is still in tides. The exiles who had to leave Russia experience endless internal problems in European countries. Although the problems vary according to the people and the period, always will be and can be seen as an inevitable part of exile. Everybody living in the past, in the country from which he was forced to leave, and there He is looking for a better past. Herzen and Ogaryov do an important job and publish a newspaper called Chiang. “A faint literati of little importance will see Russia forever at the age of thirty-five. the fact that he had become the most powerful man in Russian politics ten years after leaving remarkable situation. So much so, that journalism in Russia at that time It was not yet known to be a power, it was not seen as meaningful even in Europe.” The bell was smuggled into Russia and distributed. Lenin also considers the example of Chiang in What to Do, in which he treated the role of the newspaper as a collective agitator and organizer. must have taken it. The Bell would run for ten years, beginning in July 1857. Out of a total of 245 copies, the first 196 were to be printed in London, the rest in Geneva. Although Herzen had no economic problems, the newspaper was able to finance itself and was read among Russian exiles. After Herzen's death in 1870, Nechayev would publish six more issues. Exile life affects the relationship between men and women within and outside the family. changes. A similar thing happens in Herzen's family. The relationship between Herzen's wife Natalya and Ogaryov is a big problem among Russian people of aristocratic origin. does not create.Here is Herzen's position: “Not because he impresses his wife and takes her away, but because he didn't say anything to her about it. He was angry about it. Marriage was free, love was an irrepressible feeling; but friendship required honesty.” The separation in the family does not turn into an organizational problem. Herzen remembers his Russianness in Europe. He did not find what he expected in Europe and his main political activity was Since the situation and developments in Russia have an important place in Çan, in 1851, He said to his friends in Russia, “How much I was originally Russian before? I have never felt so clearly and clearly.” One year after his arrival in London, his family problems its meaning for itself: “We were two Russian people fighting in the grip of western corruption” he would consider. Bakunin is a different person. It is in constant activity, woven with intense romance. It establishes "revolution committees" consisting of a few people and assigns representatives to countries. The person he appointed to Russia is Nechayev. Nechayev kills the person he deems objectionable in the organization on November 21, 1869, and flees to Switzerland with Bakunin. The tsarist police track him down and convince the Swiss authorities that Nechayev is indeed a criminal criminal. Nechayev is returned. He makes a political defense in his court, is convicted, dies in prison at the age of 35. The infiltration of the exile community and the gathering of information by the police of the country they had to leave is also valid for the Russians. One of them, Postnikov, He gains Bakunin's trust and, as a person who can freely enter Russia, will also take and mail his letters to his brothers. letter before It is given to the Third Department regarding the exiles and a copy is taken. The head of the department, Postnikov, notes in his report: “The former revolutionary never thought that the Third Circle continued to care for him by stamping his letters to his brothers. do you wonder?" When Herzen and then Ogaryov died, they were almost forgotten. Another wave was rising in Europe. In the words of Carr: “As they continued to preach on the principles they still believed in, other voices had taken their audience away.” It is the rising working class movement and Marxism. “Fifty years after his death, the Russian revolution honored Herzen by naming one of the capital's busy streets for being one of the great pioneers. Statues of Ogaryov were also erected inside Moscow University, as they set an example for modern revolutionary youth.” Neither in 1920 nor after would there be any monuments to Bakunin within the USSR. One reason for this was Bakunin's quarrel with Marx, and in 1872 he The second reason for his expulsion from the International must have been the conflicts between Bolsheviks and anarchists in the first years of the Soviet revolution. Herzen's tomb is at Pere-Lachaise in Paris, while Bakunin's He is in Bern. Although more than a hundred years have passed, his audience in Switzerland always kept a bottle of wine by his grave.
